The National Hispanic Medical Association (NHMA), a non-profit organization representing the interests of 45,000 licensed Hispanic physicians in the United States, will be hosting their 16th annual conference on April 26-29, 2012 at the Washington Marriott Wardman Park in Washington D.C. The health conference will contain information on developments in the medical field and information on medical homes, care organizations, health insurance exchanges, disease prevention, integrative care, e-health, and medical and educational resources for the growing Hispanic population in the U.S. Workshops will focus on providing individuals in attendance with information and resources on current health conditions and technological advances in the medical sphere of the economy. 

Developments in Hispanic healthcare will also be discussed during the workshops. Under the theme “Innovations to Improve the Health of Hispanics, Families and Communities”, national and international experts will present on a variety of different topics applicable and vital to today’s modern medical society. Key speakers at this event include:  Maria Teresa Cerqueira, the Chief of the U.S.-Mexico Border Office of the Pan American Health Organization in El Paso, Texas and Lorraine Cortes-Vazquez, Executive Vice President of Multicultural Markets and Engagement for AARP.

The three-day NHMA conference on Hispanic healthcare will also include a briefing at the White House for Hispanic Health Professionals and a visit to Capitol Hill, where staffers from Senate and House Offices will provide an update on the U.S.’ current health policy.

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-77.036366
Washington

The United States and Mexico recently reached an agreement pertaining to the regulation of oil and gas regulations along the two countries shared Gulf of Mexico border. If this Transboundary Agreement is put into law, the United States and Mexico would have respective rights to supervise oil and gas activities that could affect the environment. The U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar explained the newly formulated agreement between the two countries, “Each of the nations will maintain sovereignty and their own regulatory systems.” He went on to state, “But what this signifies, and what may be the most significant part of the agreement, is that we’re moving forward jointly with Mexico to ensure we have a common set of safety protocols.” The agreement would also permit the Mexican oil company, Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), as well as leading oil companies in the United States, to develop oil reservoirs in cooperation with one another along the shared Gulf of Mexico border.

It’s important for the United States oil companies and Mexico’s Petróleos Mexicanos, to work together now more than ever to ensure joint environmental safety attributed to deepwater oil drilling on the Gulf of Mexico border. In addition, the agreement will allow 1.5 million acres of territory previously claimed by the United States to be available for lease starting this summer. A research fellow at the University of Texas, Jorge Piñon commented on the relationship between the United States and Mexico, “Coordination and sharing communications, training, personnel, equipment and technology are essential for safe and productive drilling.” This diplomatic allocation of resources and commitment to cooperation is instrumental to developing safe and environmentally friendly drilling practices along the border.

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During her recent visit to Mexico City, Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Italy, Marta Dassù stated that Mexico is becoming a profitable economic market for Italy. More and more Italian businesses, both big and small, are interested in investing and trading with Mexico because of favorable market conditions within the country. This is projected to fortify diplomatic relations between Mexico and Italy. At the Italian Embassy in Mexico, Dassù met with influential individuals in the entrepreneurial sector of the economy, including representatives from Enel Green Power and Ferrero. In addition, Under-Secretary Dassù recently attended the G20 Meeting in Los Cabos, Mexico on February 19-20.

The G20 meeting in Los Cabos, organized by the Mexican Presidency, provided a forum for discussion on the increasing imperativeness of peaceful diplomatic relations in regards to sustainability, climate change, energy efficiency, and the importance of renewable natural resources. Furthermore, with the creation of the new Italian-Mexican Business Council, favorable diplomatic relations between the two countries is expected to continue and strengthen. Mexico and Italy are committed to working together in cooperation on many environmental, political, and economic issues.

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19.432608
-99.133208
Mexico City

Mexico has the lowest tax burden among the most developed economies in the world, according to a recent report from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In its annual report, OECD detailed the tax burdens in place during 2010. The report shows that Mexico has the lowest tax to GDP ratio at 18.7%.

The majority of OECD governments have stabilized the tax burden in place with the tax to GDP ratio. It has increased from 33.8% in 2009 to 33.9% in 2010, according to the OECD data from the annual Revenue Statistics publication. However, these numbers are still down from 2008 and 2007 when the ratios were 34.6% and 35.2%, respectively.

The OECD stressed that the findings show that changes in tax revenues reflect both changes in economic activity and policy measures.

“In those European countries most affected by the financial crisis and subsequent recession there was an initial sharp fall in tax revenues, but then a small recovery in the tax to GDP ratio in 2010,” the OECD stated.

“The data collected also shows that in a period when all levels of government have seen pressure on expenditure and revenues, the average tax ratio for state, regional and local governments has remained steady since 2007 while that for central government has declined,” the OECD explained.

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In June 2012, world leaders will convene in Los Cabos, Mexico to discuss measures to promote the financial stability of the world and how to achieve sustainable economic growth and development at the G-20 Summit. This meeting marks the first time in history that a Latin American country is hosting the summit, an event that brings together top Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors every year.  

The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) gathered the opinions of world experts who commented on Mexico as an emerging power and the expectations of Mexico as the summit leader including: former Prime Minister of Canada Paul Martin, chief economist of the ADB Changyong Rhee, Chair of FTI Consulting Lord Malloch-Brown, and director of economic studies at Institut Francais des Relations Internationales Jacques Mistral.

CIGI chair, Jennifer Clapp, noted issues that Mexico could bring to light at the G-20 Summit, “As an emerging power and a country that’s largely agricultural, it’s probably got more credibility to deal with these issues, and the other members might be willing to go along with perhaps more bold activities to address questions like food price volatility, agricultural production, etc.”

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-109.916737
Los Cabos

In 2006, it was confirmed that breast cancer was the first cause of death among Mexican women. For this reason, 20 of the most emblematic monuments of Mexico City were illuminated with pink lights this month of October. In the context of what is referred to in Spanish as the Breast Cancer Total Care Program, the illumination of these buildings and monuments is a symbolic reminder to Mexican women that they schedule a mammogram screening or complete a breast self test. 

Mexico City’s goal for Breast Cancer Awareness 2011 is to give 50,000 free diagnostic mammograms throughout the city. An additional goal is to construct a culture of ‘self-care’ and ‘prevention’, especially when it comes to the detection and initial treatment of breast cancer, something that is also being promoted by the Mexican organization, Red Rosa (Pink Network). 

Mícher Camarena, the director of the Women’s Institute in Mexico City, highlighted at the inauguration that the Breast Cancer Total Care Program has helped hundreds of thousands of women that are 40 years or older. Since the first free exam in 2007, the lives of 569 women whose mammogram results came back positive have been saved. 

In an event inaugurated by the Mayor of Mexico City, Marcelo Ebrard Casaubon, the most emblematic monument of the city has been illuminated pink: El Ángel de la Independencia.  At the same opening event, Marcelo Ebrard reminded Mexico City inhabitants that since the beginning of his administration his goal has been to convert Mexico City’s free breast cancer tests into the most widely available in Mexico and Latin America. 

List of the Mexico City monuments illuminated until November 1: 

1. Ángel de la Independencia 

2. Diana Cazadora 

3. Torre del Caballito

4. Monumento a la Revolución

5. Monumento a la Madre

6. Alameda Central 

7. Hemiciclo a Juárez

8. Santo Domingo Square

9. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Monument

10. City Theater

11. Frida Kahlo Museum

12. Torre Mayor 

13. Estadio Universitario

14. Palace of Fine Arts 

15. National Conservatory

16. “Santa María la Ribera” Moorish Kiosk

17. The four buildings of the Legislative Assembly

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19.432608
-99.133208
Mexico City

The influx of recyclable bags and new recycling policies in Mexico is benefiting the economy, the job sector, and the environment. The Managing Director of Falcon Plastics de México SA de CV, Juan Antonio Hernández, stated, “Right now many people are collecting plastic bags and selling them and the price is going up.” He went on to say, “Material is expensive but there’s more of it.”

Over the past few years, Mexico has developed a number of different environmental policies to increase sustainability. For example, two years ago Mexico City tried to move towards biodegradable products over recyclable products. They also attempted to ban plastic bags temporarily.

However, today government officials have directed their attention towards recycling in Mexico and away from biodegradable practices. Today, recycling in Mexico has become commonplace. In May in Mexico City, they even passed a law making the separation of non-organic and organic waste illegal. Hernández, in an interview at Plastimagen Plásticas de México AC (Inboplast), a leading producer of plastic bags, stated, “Mexico City is always the leader and whatever happens in Mexico City is copied.”

His hope is that the rest of Mexico will follow the capital’s lead in creating a sustainable society through the practices of recycling, waste management and overall green living. The simple act of recycling has already secured jobs within the recycling business and has helped develop a more sustainable economy for Mexico.

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19.432608
-99.133208
Mexico City

The embassy of Mexico in Nigeria is in the process of planning an environmental seminar in conjunction with the Center for Climate Change and Environmental Studies of Nigeria. The seminar hopes to generate a heightened sense of awareness on the environmental issues that Abuja faces today. The seminar is anticipated to spread consciousness on the front of both the Nigerian government and the general public in Nigeria. The seminar will also prepare the country, according to the Ambassador of Mexico in Nigeria, Luis Alberto Barrero Stahl, for the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Framework Convention of the United Nations on Climate Change and the 17th Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol that will take place in South Africa next month.

COP-17 will emphasize the need to move towards sustainable living on a global level. The environmental seminar will address topics that include sustainability, climate change, mitigation, the distinct and imperative correlation between developing and developed countries, industrialization, and technology. The event is also supported and collaborated by a long list of impressive groups of individuals, particularly the Embassy of Malaysia, the Presidency and Ministry of Environment of the Nigerian government, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), State Governors and Legislators, the World Bank, and the High Commissions of South Africa. The conference is said to take place November 28 – December 9.

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Abuja

Mexico has been steering a variety of fields, including the automotive, aerospace and textile industries. Most recently, the promulgation of a constitutional reform that recognizes the right to food in the country would make Mexico a leader in hunger prevention issues. 

In the words of Olivier De Schutter, a UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, “This is a great step forward for Mexico.” 

De Schutter, who in June made an official visit to Mexico to speak on the subject, explained, “With this constitutional reform, Mexico joins a select group of countries around the world that have enshrined the right to food in their constitutions.”

Mr. De Schutter suggested that the reform of articles 4 and 27 of the Mexican Constitution be made, particularly in today’s context of rising food prices. “Now is the time to implement this reform for the benefit of all Mexicans by approving corresponding legislation,” he added at a UN summit in Geneva in October, after a recent UN report stated that food prices around the world are likely to continue rising and could possibly increase over the next decade. 

The report, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2011, recommended that governments have ‘a transparent and predictable regulatory environment in place that promotes private investment and an increase in farm productivity.’

The need for States to guarantee access to adequate nutrition for their citizens is becoming apparent. For this reason, Mr. De Schutter, an independent expert, encouraged Mexican authorities to implement measures that give all Mexicans access to what more progressive nations are defining as a basic human right.

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Geneva

The September 2010 opening of a new technologically modern hospital in Tepic, Mexico, by the Centro Médico Puerta de Hierro was funded by the Inter-America Development Bank and the International Financial Corporation, and has greatly increased medical services for residents in the area. Prior to establishing the new hospital, the city’s population of approximately 330,000 people had to travel one hour to receive treatment in Guadalajara. The new hospital in Tepic, Mexico, received not only funding, but also a great deal of support from the Inter-America Development Bank and the International Financial Corporation.

A second hospital is projected to open in Colima, the capital of the Mexican state of Nayarit. Peter Stevenson, an Inter-America Development Bank project team leader stated, “We provided capital that was not readily available in the private market with tenors that were compatible to the needs of investors.”

These two hospitals will provide state-of-the-art care for individuals who are both publically and privately insured by the Mexican healthcare system. Additionally, they will provide special services, conduct surgery, diagnose, and treat a variety of different neurological and cardiovascular diseases – reducing the burden experienced by overcrowded hospitals nearby. Furthermore, the hospitals have already created many employment opportunities in the surrounding Mexican communities.

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-104.894580
Tepic

South Bend Mayor Stephen Luecke recently announced a sister city relationship between South Bend, Indiana and Guanajuato, Mexico. Mayor Luecke hopes the connection will allow for understanding between the two cultures and help foster the diverse community

“We know we have much to learn from each other,” Mayor Luecke said at the press conference. “I think it really is wonderful to celebrate heritage for the Latino population here…to say how important we believe it is in South Bend to have a diverse community and to celebrate their various traditions," he added.

Many of South Bend’s community organizations have contributed to the creation of the Guanajuato sister-city relationship. South Bend Rotary Club members have toured Guanajuato, and have installed water tanks and donated technical equipment like computers and projectors to rural schools. 

Jim Stroven, the club’s world community service chairman, talks about what an impressive city Guanajuato is. He says, “It's alive, it's colorful, it's open, it's friendly.”

People with cultural roots in Guanajuato are estimated to make up one-third of South Bend’s population.

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21.018111
-101.258320
Guanajuato

The U.S. Department of Defense donated hazardous materials training and equipment valued at $100,000 to fire and safety agencies in Matamoros, Mexico.

The program includes training sessions to prepare Matamoros agencies to handle hazardous material emergencies as well as guidelines on transporting hazardous materials.

Training sessions were led by Lieutenant Ian Moscoso of the Houston Cloverleaf Fire Department. 

A total of 15 sister-cities along the U.S.-Mexico border will receive similar training and equipment from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Defense. The Program will spend 1.5 million dollars to meet the goals of Border 2012, a US-Mexico environmental protection program. 

According to Jeffrey B. Smith, chief for International Building Partnership Capacities at U.S. Northern Command, “If the fire departments of both sides of the border share the same protocols, share the same equipment, in a event in Matamoros, Brownsville can respond, and vice versa.”

Matamoros is the 9th city in Mexico to be granted training and equipment. Laredo has already received the equipment and Reynosa is slated to be next.

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-97.502190
Matamoros

The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (FCC) has just declared that they have worked out deals with Mexico’s Secretariat of Communications and Transportation and Industry Canada that will lead to the sharing of certain frequencies of wireless spectrum in border areas of the United States and therefore contribute to imperative international coordination. This new development is part of President Obama’s plan to provide broadband access to a larger part of the United States. It will be a valuable way to supply broadband to some otherwise remote areas in the United States. The deal will be exceedingly important for security and crisis purposes because it will allow fire, police, and EMS responders to receive wireless spectrum coverage in more areas. In addition, the FCC believes that these new deals will allow a faster and more expansive roll out of 4G wireless broadband for areas that are now lacking such options. It will include wireless spectrum in the 700MHz and 800MHz bands shared with Canada and 700MHz in the bands shared with Mexico. 

Industry Canada spokesman Lauren Hebert stated, “The arrangement with the U.S. ensures that future Canadian 700 MHz operators will have equal access to spectrum within 120 km of the border and provides clarity on the international coordination requirements in force in that area.” After signing the vital documents Chairman Julius Genachowski of the FCC said, “These arrangements will unleash investment and benefit consumers near the borders by enabling the rollout of 4G wireless broadband service and advanced systems for critical public safety and emergency response communications.”

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19.371983
-99.157883
Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México

An anti-venom being produced in Mexico was just approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a scorpion sting treatment. This makes it the first drug permitted for this use by the FDA. This accomplishment is the result of 12 years of research and development by a variety of academic and clinical intellectuals.

Scorpion stings can cause blurred vision, slurred speech, vomiting, nausea, and even death. This scorpion sting treatment anti-venom, produced in Mexico, could bring an end to all of that. Scorpion stings are seen most prominently in Arizona, Southern Nevada, and New Mexico. Additionally, scorpion stings are even more numerous in Mexico. The University of Arizona also claims that the anti-venom has been creating interest in other countries susceptible to scorpion stings, like Morocco. Boyer led clinical trials on 2,000 individuals for the new scorpion sting treatment drug, known as Anascorp, in Las Vegas and Arizona. The drug worked marvelously and children’s symptoms vanished within a few hours. Until 2004, the FDA allowed hospitals to use anti-venom in hospitals even though it was not FDA approved because it had been used for 50 years prior.

In 2004, however, the woman who had been producing the scorpion sting treatment drug retired, limiting the stock of anti-venom. Dr. Boyer, the director of the University of Arizona’s VIPER (Venom Immunochemistry, Pharmacology, and Emergency Response) Institute, had traveled to Cuernavaca, Mexico in 1999 and met with researches who were examining the new anti-venom made by Mexico City’s Instituto Bioclon. She received a grant from the FDA to administer research on the drug during the period in which the old anti-venom was running out. Boyer stated,” We timed it perfectly…we never had to find out what would have happened if all rural Arizona was left without an anti-venom.” She went on to say, “We strongly believe, based on history, that we would have had deaths had we not started this project in 2004.”

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Tlalpan, Ciudad de México

UNESCO, an organization geared towards developing and promoting initiatives that support intercultural dialogue and equality, recently honored Mexico among the winners of its prestigious 2011 Literacy Awards. The themes of this year’s International Literacy Prizes are literacy and peace, with special emphasis on “gender equality.” Among the exceptional literacy laureates is Mexico’s National Institute for Education of Adults, winning an award for its Bilingual Literacy for Life program.

The Bilingual Literacy for Life program won the distinguished UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize and is particularly being recognized for its concerted efforts in increasing literacy among indigenous people in Mexico. This program’s efforts have allowed for indigenous people in Mexico to better understand and exercise their rights. The Bilingual Literacy for Life program has also allowed for growing social conditions in Mexico between multicultural and multilingual communities.

In addition to Mexico, other literacy awardees include programs in Burundi, the United States, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Philippines, and Pakistan. These prizes will be awarded on September 8th in New Delhi, India during International Literacy Day festivities. Each awardee will receive $20,000, a medal, and a diploma.

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“Every day along the world’s busiest border, an expensive and time-consuming pantomime is acted out.” So begins the Economist’s coverage of the trucking agreement recently announced between Mexico and the United States. From that smart opening line the paper slips into an uncharacteristic fit of naïveté, arguing that Mexico stands to chalk major gains from the new transportation agreement. To recap, here are the highlights of the NAFTA trucking agreement: • NAFTA promises that truck drivers from each country will have access to one another’s border states in 1995. Truckers were slated to have nationwide access by 2000. • The Clinton administration halted implementation of the trucking provision under pressure from the International Brotherhood of Teamsters: the trucker’s union claimed that Mexican trucks were unsafe. • In 2007 the Bush administration allowed a trial run, whereby 100 Mexican truck companies would be permitted to haul cargo deeper into the US. • Congressional and private sector studies concluded Mexican trucks in the US received fewer safety violations than their American counterparts. As the Teamsters original objections grew untenable the union shifted tactics: they now insist that letting Mexican trucks into the US will be a green light for drug traffickers to move their product into the US. • President Obama scotched the trial program a few months after entering office. • In accordance with a NAFTA panel ruling, Mexico leveled tariffs against 90 different US products, affecting some $2.4 billion in goods across 40 states. Mexican goods accounted for 12% of US imports in 2010. That’s a record high, and the Economist sees it as a basis for expanded Mexican trade with the US. Seventy percent of the trade between the US and Mexico is transported by truck, so a fleshed out trucking agreement could significantly boost trade. But the devil is in the details. According to Refugio Muñoz, head of Mexico’s shipping chamber, only about 115 of Mexico’s 400,000 trucks will be able to cross the border because of strict security regulations. “I see no future with this program,” Muñoz told the Alaska Dispatch (“News from the Last Frontier”). “The only thing this accord does is give Mexico an excuse to remove tariffs.” In fact, Mexico dropped half the retaliatory tariffs immediately; the remaining half will be dropped when the trucks start to roll. NAFTA’s economic potential has fallen short because of US political interests. That was the case during the pro-free trade administrations of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. There is little reason to think that President Obama, who campaigned on renegotiating parts of NAFTA, will become a champion of NAFTA writ.  

Media are reporting today that the United States and Mexico have signed an agreement to lift a ban on Mexican trucks crossing the border into the United States to complete freight deliveries, a topic about which we have wailed and rent garments here and here and here.  No one is proposing to throw open the border to the folksy jalopies that crowd Mexico’s secondary highways – those of windshield pom-pom and “Dios protege mi camino” fame. The Mexican trucks will be subject to strict conditions regarding safety compliance and restriction of activities, including electronic monitoring devices and instruction in English and U.S. road rules.  Some Mexican trucking companies, however, have already expressed interest in registering for the program.  Under the agreement, the Mexican government will immediately lift half of its punitive import tariffs on a designated set of U.S. products, and will lift the other half once the first Mexican freight carrier becomes certified under the program.  The news should come as substantial relief to producers of pork products, wine, appliances and other key products affected by the duties, in place since 2009.  In the announcement of the agreement, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsak estimated that the trucking dispute has cost U.S. businesses over US$2 billion.  Agricultural producers have been particularly hard hit, with apple, pear and grape exports to Mexico slapped with a 20% duty, cheeses at 25% and various nuts and juices in the 15% to 20% range.  This whole dispute was a bunch of baloney from square one and penalized U.S. exporters severely while President Obama was simultaneously calling for a national campaign to boost exports.  Good riddance, we say.

In a July 18 press release, Chula Vista Deputy Mayor Rudy Ramirez stated that the public’s false perception that Mexico is dangerous is not supported by real crime statistics. The press release reads, “A key topic of discussion was that the perception of the insecurity of the region is not supported by statistics regarding public safety.” In the press release, Ramirez reported on a recent meeting with mayors from different cities throughout Southern California and Baja California in which they discussed the false perception individuals hold in regards to safety and life in Mexico. The mayors also spoke about the need to work together to “promote economic development” and tourism in Mexico.

In addition, during the meeting, the mayors and elected officials discussed Mexican border security and streamlining wait times at ports of entry. Deputy Mayor Rudy Ramirez was quoted saying, “Local government officials agreed that the status quo of long border wait times and travel restrictions is no longer acceptable. We must work to ensure [Mexican] border security but not sacrifice efficiency.”

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After 47 years of long lines of visa applicants, the U.S. government has moved its Consulate General in Tijuana across town with more than 100,000 square feet of space in the main building, intended to offer both greater efficiency and tighter security at a time when the consulate’s role has grown increasingly complex. On Monday, offices opened in the consulate, a $120 million gated compound near the Otay Mesa border crossing. 

“We’re not a traditional consulate that you might have thought of ten or 20 years ago,” said Steven Kashkett, the consul general, a 53-year-old career diplomat who oversees a staff of 50 Americans and 100 Mexicans operating out of the Tijuana facility. “We are now basically a mini-embassy representing the U.S. government in this part of Mexico.”

Issuing visas and providing services to American citizens abroad are the stock-and-trade of consular offices worldwide. However, Kashkett said much of the work at the Tijuana consulate near the Otay Mesa border crossing involves reporting on regional counternarcotics efforts, as well as U.S government affairs, both political and economic on the border. The consulate, he said, “is much more of a facilitator between the two governments than it was in the past.”

In recent years, more U.S agencies have operated out of the consulate’s office.  They now include Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms and the Department of Commerce.

“…In a country like Mexico, where U.S. interests are so multi-faceted, in a city like Tijuana that is such an important element of the national fabric, the consulate assumes a role that a consulate in Lyon, France, might not,” said Jeffrey Davidow, a former U.S. ambassador to Mexico. 

The Tijuana consular district oversees U.S. government affairs in Baja California and Baja California Sur, which translates to an estimated 250,000 U.S. citizens, not including the tourists, or U.S. citizens in Mexico for jobs, family, and business.

“We are the highest volume, most complex American citizen services post in the world,” said Kashkett, whose previous posts have included Halifax, Port-au-Prince, Beirut and Jerusalem.

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By Alvin Starkman,  M.A., LL.B.

Luci awoke at 5:30 a.m. to begin grinding corn to hand – make tortillas on a comal over an open flame.  She wanted to make sure breakfast would be ready upon the arrival of her new padrinos (godparents).  After all, it was to be one of the most important days in her still young life of 14 years.  Her school headmaster had stressed that every graduate had to have a padrino.

Lucina Martina, Her Family and San Marcos Tlapazola in Context

Lucina Martina Cruz Aragón would be graduating from secondaria (junior high) later that morning, July 8, 2011, with a 9.4 grade point average.  A soaring GPA is impressive enough, but in the southern Mexico state of Oaxaca, one of the poorest in the country, where public school education has been a hot and divisive issue for decades, it meant so much more for this particular graduate and her family.  And it was probably just as important a rite of passage for the families of the other graduates, though perhaps not as significant.

Luci lives with her mother, brother and aunt in the village of San Marcos Tlapazola, about an hour’s drive from the city of Oaxaca, state capital, in the district of Tlacolula de Matamoros. The family, and indeed virtually everyone in the village, is bilingual – Spanish and Zapoteco.

For three years, day in and day out, Luci had been taking a colectivo (public transit) to get to and from Tlacolula to attend the Escuela Secundaria Técnica No. 48.  But for Luci the ride was just part of her routine, much the same as juggling homework with her daily chores – helping the family to eke out a modest existence.

San Marcos Tlapazola has about 1,500 inhabitants, most of whom earn a living working the land and /or making red clay utilitarian pottery such as comales and bowls as well as more decorative dual function pieces serving the tourist trade.  Many residents, including Luci, her mother María and aunt Gloria, sell the fruits of their labor at the Sunday Tlacolula market.  María sells the pottery, Gloria offers her tejate, the refreshing, high nutrition pre – Hispanic drink, and Luci helps out with everything.  She also sells her own clay figures, and earrings she hammers out of metal bottle caps with reproduced images of The Virgin, Day of the Dead, and Frida Kahlo.

Throughout the week Luci assists in the fields planting or harvesting corn, beans and squash, or simply weeding, as well as tending agave fields for nearby mezcal producers.  She also accompanies María and Gloria into the hills to bring down clay for making their primitive pottery vessels.  In her own right she has become adept at making a variety of figures, and in fact taught her mother and aunt how to make images of pre – Hispanic art, and incorporate them into their functional pieces.

But María and Gloria have always stressed that Luci’s studies should be her top priority.  Their counsel has now paid off.

More Than 200 Oaxacans Graduate to Fanfare, Anticipation from Family, Friends

Before leaving for Tlacolula, Luci, her family and her newly appointed padrinos share breakfast. The women serve the full fare customarily consumed at the beginning of important occasions in towns and villages flecking the central valleys of Oaxaca:  mezcal to toast Salud, To health, Le chaim; frothy hot chocolate with small loaves of egg bread for dippers; mole negro; and of course Luci’s fresh, hot, hand – made tortillas.

Shortly after 9 a.m., the appointed start time for the exercises, they all arrive at the school’s open air makeshift auditorium, its plaza cívica.  Shade is provided by a circus big – top style tarpaulin, fitting for this level of anticipation and excitement. The throngs of proud well – wishers continue to file in, most with floral bouquets or arrangements, some with other gifts.  The pageantry is remarkable.

To an outsider from the US or Canada, it would be easy to mistake this small step forward in the lives of barely teenagers, for the graduation of a class of law, medical or accounting students. For some of the 227 graduates the challenge has been just as daunting. For most, and their families, it’s a giant leap.

These are not the families with resources to send their children to private school and then off to out-of-state universities.  There’s nary a white face among the 2,000 odd people.  Most are dressed like urban working class Oaxacans.  But a large percentage of the women are wearing their traditional regional garb of hand – embroidered full size apron over a brightly colored ankle – length satin dress, the outfit typically encountered by visitors to the Tlacolula market on Sundays.  It’s what most women and their daughters wear on a daily basis in their home villages of San Bartolomé Quialana, San Lucas Quiavini, and of course San Marcos Tlapazola.

Within 20 minutes, every folding card table chair has been opened and occupied.  Each student is in school uniform, officially a pre – requisite for even regular class attendance.  Dignitaries representing the school administration, the state public education system, the teachers and their Section 22 union, and specially invited guests, are seated at a long adorned table on a platform at one end of the now covered concrete courtyard.  The school band and marimbas are off to one side.  The graduating class is seated adjacent, grouped into sections to facilitate the orderly calling each student to the podium.

Families, now settled into their chairs apart from their children, grandchildren, cousins, nieces and nephews, point and whisper while trying to find their graduates and those of fellow villagers seated across the plaza. But the alumni pay no attention, busy chattering with fellow classmates.

The din diminishes with the commencement of flag exercises mid court.  The Mexican bandera is ceremoniously honored while every attendee pledge allegiance to it, and then to the constitution of the United States of Mexico.  The singing of the Mexican national anthem is followed by playing the secondary school hymn. Each and every movement is taken just as seriously as when Canadians stand for the singing of O Canada before the start of a National Hockey League game – maybe more so.

In towns and villages throughout at least this part of Mexico, public school education is treated with respect, despite the constant conflict between union and government, and the polarization of the people from the teachers.   Everyone has an opinion, a strong one at that, and is not afraid to express it. But in July, the month graduations take place in Tlacolula and indeed throughout virtually every town and village, politics are placed on the back burner.  Graduating is far too important to be tarnished by distractions.

As the name of each graduate is called out, their supporters applaud, whistle and shout, as the pride of their lives walks to the podium to receive a personalized folder with a diploma noting GPA, together with a certificate of good conduct (a pre-requisite for graduating); an engraved glass memento; and a mug promoting a local furniture store.

A state authorized photographer and videographer have been in attendance, recording every moment.  The former has also been taking stills of some graduates as they descend the podium to be presented with flowers and other gifts from family and padrinos. Of course almost everyone is toting a still or video camera, cellular phone or more sophisticated handheld electronic device. Luci’s moment with her padrinos and family is similarly captured.

There’s a break between each group’s call to be honored; for speeches, to raffle off free – standing floor fans to a dozen graduates, to listen to the marimbas, and finally to watch a school dance troupe in full ceremonial dress perform a traditional Veracruzano dance.

Students who have already been called to receive their diplomas are entrusted with distributing to each guest seated in the auditorium, first a cup of nieve, sherbet flavored with fresh regional fruit, and then a luncheon plate with sandwich, canned soda and gelatin.

But before closing remarks, a number of students are recalled to the podium for special recognition of high academic achievement, those with GPAs from 9.5 to 10.  Although Luci didn’t make the grade, simply being there was enough for her, and everyone who knew her.  Even neighbors who tend to be competitive and secretly jealous of one another, have always been quick to acknowledge that Luci is not only bright, but a valuable contributor to her family’s well – being, both for her hard work and as a gifted artisan.

Preparatoria & Beyond, for Luci and Other Oaxacans with Similar Potential

En route back to the homestead in San Marcos Tlapazola, four hours after their arrival at the graduation, the family stops at the indoor market at Tlacolula for last minute purchases, for comida.

It’s approaching 2 p.m. and preparations are underway for yet another festive meal, this time barbacoa de res, beef prepared in an in – ground oven, served with all the trimmings, another village tradition for celebrating rites of passage; and more toasting.

Many more glasses will be raised over the next several years, honoring every step in Luci’s educational pursuits. Next month she begins preparatoria, high school, though not in Tlacolula.   She’ll be attending a baccalaureate program in nearby Santa Ana del Valle. Yes, there are publicly funded high schools in Oaxaca with reputations for academic excellence.  They are part of Mexico’s baccalaureate curriculum. These schools are not subject to the work stoppages occasioned by Section 22 of the teachers’ union.

Luci’s excellent grades lead to her acceptance into the COBAO (El Colegio de Bachilleres de Oaxaca) program.  Classes begin in August. But COBAO is expensive.  There was already a fee to write the entrance exam, and now a much larger sum for the inscription is due; transportation to get to school in the more distant town will be more costly; Luci will have to buy lunch; she’ll need money to pay for a new uniform, books and school supplies; and there will be additional incidentals on an ongoing basis.

Luci and her family are fortunate that her new padrinos, together with an American couple, have agreed to fund Luci’s high school education in its entirety, and beyond.

While not every student with Luci’s drive and potential is as fortunate, there are indeed programs available to provide both financial assistance and emotional support for promising students.  They rely in part on tax deductible private donations. Grupo de Estudios Sobre la Mujer “Rosario Castellanos”, and its scholarship program, Fonda de Becas “Guadalupe Musalem,” (http://www.gesmujer.org) raises about $80,000 USD annually, to support 20 indigenous women in pursuit of higher education.  Its track record is impressive. Since the mid 1990s the scholarship has been supported by internationally acclaimed singer Lila Downs, herself of Oaxacan heritage.

Luci’s story is heartwarming.  Those with a soft spot in their hearts for Mexico and its indigenous cultures, or for simply the pursuit of youth achieving their educational potential, should consider helping the other Lucis in rural Mexico, either directly or through a charitable educational foundation.

Alvin Starkman (M.A., LL.B.) has written over 200 articles about life and cultural traditions in Oaxaca and its central valleys.  He is a paid Contributing Writer for Mexico Today, a program for Marca País – Imagen de México. Alvin operates Casa Machaya Oaxaca Bed & Breakfast (http://www.oaxacadream.com) with his wife Arlene, and Oaxaca Culinary Tours (http://www.oaxacaculinarytours.com) with internationally acclaimed chef Pilar Cabrera.  Alvin is also a consultant to documentary film companies and photographers working in the region, and counsels tourists to Oaxaca in an effort to make their visit as culturally rich, rewarding and enjoyable as possible.

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